The impact of Family Hope Program (Program Keluarga Harapan) Implementation to community resilience in East Nusa Tenggara

East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) is a province in eastern Indonesia facing limited access to health, education, food, and information, along with frequent hydro-meteorological disasters like floods and droughts. The El Niño phenomenon in 2015–2016 worsened drought conditions, threatening local livelihoods, especially for farmers. To address these challenges, the Indonesian government implemented the Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH), a conditional cash transfer initiative aimed at improving access to education and health services. Launched in 2007 in 7 districts, PKH now operates across all regencies and cities in NTT, contributing to community resilience and reducing disaster vulnerability, particularly to slow-onset disasters.